Thursday, August 27, 2020

Walt Disney Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Walter Elias Disney      At a period in American history when occupations were scant and cash was difficult to drop by, one mouse and his gathering of energized companions, with their hilarious jokes brought grins to the essences of kids and grown-ups the same. The mouse’s name was Mickey, and with his creation came the introduction of a multibillion dollar corporate domain, all as a result of one man’s dream.      Walt Disney was conceived in Chicago, Illinois on December 5, 1901, and was brought up on a little ranch in a town called Marceline, Missouri, however later moved to Kansas City. It was in Kansas City that Walt initially started exploring different avenues regarding his aesthetic abilities on Saturday mornings when he would go to a neighborhood exhibition hall and take drawing classes. The guidance was not actually incredible, however it was a start. At seventeen years old, Disney dropped out of school to turn into a rescue vehicle driver abroad in W.W.I, yet came back to America in 1919, when he applied his craving for craftsmanship to a worthwhile vocation. He turned into an student as a business artist, making publicizing kid's shows. By 1922, Walt had united with Ub Iwirks, and they started their own business publicizing firm. It didn’t keep going long nonetheless, by 1923, Disney pulled out of the business. In spite of the fact that the adventure was a disappointment, Iwirk’s ability was one of the fundamental explanations behind Disney’s later victory. (Storm Group)      Walt, presently living in Hollywood, started creation quickly on his first activity, Steamboat Willy, which included a saucy little mouse named, â€Å"Mortimer,† voiced by Walt. The mouse anyway was later renamed by Disney’s spouse, Lillian, to, â€Å"Mickey.† The creation was the first ever to synchronize sound and special visualizations. Walt taken a gander at liveliness as another method of recounting stories through a medium that had no limits. This underlying achievement drove Walt to put his own benefits into fresher and better creations including Mickey’s new group of wacky characters; Goofy, Donald Duck, Pluto, and Minnie. The creations were a short-term overall achievement, which drove Disney and his, at that point, little group to go considerably further, extending their studios and finance, and discharging the principal ever full-length completely enlivened element introduction in 1937 entitled, Snow White. With the nation despite everything attempting to recoup from the financial catastrophes of the Great Depression,... ...to really have some good times. He united guardians and youngsters, through storybooks, around the TV, before film screens, and in his own properties of dream and marvel. Indeed through the Great Depression he figured out how to engage the most discouraged individuals there were, however there was one thing that Walt Disney consistently needed everybody to recollect, â€Å"I just expectation that we never dismiss one thing-that it was completely begun by a mouse.† Reference index 1. Peet, Bill. Bill Peet: An Autobiography. USA: Houghton Mifflin Publishing Company,  â â â â 1989. 2. Dunlop, Beth. Building a Dream. USA: Harry N. Abrams, Incorporated, 1996. 3. Hahn, Don. Movement Magic. USA: Disney Press, 1996. 4. Imagineers, The. Walt Disney Imagineering: A Behind the Dreams Look at Making the      Magic Real. USA: Hyperion, 1995. 5. Storm Group. Disney, (Walter Elias) Walt. 2002.  â â â â http://search.biography.com/print_record.pl?id=14265. February 24, 2002. 6. Walt Disney World - Parks and the sky is the limit from there. 2002.  â â â â http://disneyworld.disney.go.com/waltdisneyworld/parksandmore/. February 24,  â â â â 2002.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Newspaper Articles Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper Articles Summary - Assignment Example Therefore, Mcbrayer says that main driver of this mentality must lie elsewhere however not in the philosphers. Mcbrayer contends in the article that the disposition of review virtues as simple feelings that are not genuine lies in the instruction arrangement of America, especially in the educational plan. Mcbrayer says that his exploration on the subject made him to understand that youngsters are educated, from youthful age, to see virtues as being unimportant convictions or suppositions. Mcbrayer proceeds to contend that kids are trained that a reality is a case that can be confirm, then again, an assessment is a case that can't be prove or demonstrated. Hence, Mcbrayer contends, kids are educated to see every ethical case as being unimportant cases and not realities. For his explanation, as per Mcbrayer, youngsters create negative disposition against virtues and the view virtues as being false cases. Mcbrayer asserts in the article that the division of realities and suppositions in the educational plan in American schools represents the motivation behind why American youngsters believe that there are no ethical realities. Mcbrayer finishes up his article by saying that virtues are undoubtedly realities and not insignificant conclusions; for Mcbrayer, a conviction or a sentiment can be valid. Consequently, virtues are undoubtedly obvious cases and hence they are realities and not unimportant assessments. A basic perspective on Mcbrayer’s sees in this article shows that Mcbrayer is directly in his view that virtues are realities and not minor conclusions. This is on the grounds that, despite the fact that, we can't give confirmation or proof of virtues, there are numerous different things in life that we can't give proof of but we hold them as truth. Since virtues help people to live well and to keep up human nobility, virtues are surely realities and not simple feelings. In this article, an Oliver sack regrets the way that she is experiencing the

Friday, August 21, 2020

How to Write an Essay on Sample of Sights

How to Write an Essay on Sample of SightsThe Samples of Sight's essay is an integral part of the AP English Literature exam. This type of essay focuses on cultural questions, which have implications on the identity of individuals, and the relationships between groups or communities. Students who opt to focus on sample issues to write about will not only be taught the real life situation that produced the questions but also will be exposed to the literary style used for literary questions.Questions are divided into two sections. Each section will include different levels of difficulty. Students will encounter topics such as the question of identity, whether certain people should be called people, and when the word people came into existence. Students will need to construct a story in order to answer the questions, as well as make connections to other cultures and use a variety of literary styles to answer the second half of the essay.Students will be asked to tell a story about a real world situation or person. This situation could be a specific personal event, a general question, or a generalization of a situation that has occurred in the past. It could be anyone, from a small child to a dictator. Students will need to tell a story that demonstrates their ability to engage in two different modes of thinking. They will also need to answer the specific question posed by the essay.Students should not only consider good literature when writing the essay, but also find great places to get the information they need. The Internet is a great place to look for sample of sights questions. This can help students write their essays more quickly and simply. It is also a useful resource for taking down notes and developing a thesis statement. While writing samples of sights essays can also be found in books or on websites, they can also be helpful because they are known themes.Students should be able to use a variety of different literary styles when they are writing their s ample of sights essay. Writing an essay on cultural identity will require students to construct a fictional scenario or character that relates to their own personal experiences. Students can also choose to tell a story about some event from their own lives. They can also write in a descriptive style, using their imagination to tell a story.Students can also make connections to other cultures, finding cultural aspects of their home country. However, the majority of students will be required to tell a story about a culture, the groups that compose it, and how their own communities relate to others. This will allow students to compare themselves to other people in the society and identify with the group. In doing so, students will be able to determine the differences in the two groups and identify any gaps in cultural or social attitudes.Another way to approach the question of cultural identities is to use the literary styles used for questions from the essay. Students should consider examples of questions written by highly-skilled writers like George Orwell, J.K. Rowling, or Dave Eggers. This will help them to find examples of how literary styles are used when writing about problems.Students can also use literary styles when composing their essays on a sample of sights. They should first consider the questions posed to them by the essay, which usually involve research and the interpretation of that research. Next, they should think about what they would like to say about the situation. Then they should be able to write a narrative based on what they know, using their own experiences and those of other people.

Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Legal Business Consideration - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1383 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Level High school Tags: Organization Essay Did you like this example? What form of business organization will best protect you when you start your ice cream store and why? Based on the in-depth reading of the relevant case, the best form of business organization which will be able to protect me for starting an ice cream store is Limited Liability Companies. LLCs is the best choice because of limited liabilities, flexible and lower taxations, flexible ownership structure and ability to end the company. First of all, unlike other business forms, members of LLCs do not have personal liability for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debts and obligations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Legal Business Consideration" essay for you Create order In other words, members are just liable for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the company only to the extent of their capital contributions. For example, Roberto copied the logo on a cheese package, so someone in that cheese company might sue us because of the violation of the intellectual property protections. If I lose the case, they cannot take my personal assets for Robertoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability because my business is LLCs with limited liability. According to the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an LLC is not a separate tax entity, so business itself is not taxed.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This means that the income or losses of the company will flow through to membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ individual tax returns, and then they are to pay it through the personal income tax. Furthermore, Roberto and I also can elect how the company is taxed either as a corporation or as a corporation. This illustrates that our company is still able to avoid double taxat ions. In term of the flexible ownership structure, our LLC can be either a member-managed LLC or a manager-managed LLC. However, it does not matter what type of the structure of the company is. Roberto and I still have a say in management without losing our limited liability. Each member will have equal rights to manage the company. According to the website www.nolo.com à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a website composed by many legal lawyers, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“under the laws of many states, unless your operating agreement says otherwise, when one member wants to leave the LLC, the company dissolves.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This means that if I have some troubles with Roberto or do not want to continue operating the company, I will be able to leave the company. No one can prevent me from doing that unless the operating agreement between Roberto and I says so. Are there any intellectual property protections you should take for your business name and logo? What are they and why? How do you know if you can use this name and logo? I should take Trademark for my business name and logo because it allows me to get legal protection for the name and logo of the company. According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a trademark is a word, phrase, symbol or design, or a combination thereof, that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This means that I will have a legal presumption that our business is the owner of the mark and has the exclusive right to use this mark nationwide with our goods and services by registering a Trademark. To know whether I can use this name and logo, I will file an application with the PTO in Washington, DC wherein I designate the name and logo of the company that I am requesting to be registered. If our mark does not violate any existing marks, and other requirements for registering the mark have been met, the PTO will register that mark. Otherwise, we might use the Trademark Electroni c Search System (TESS) on the website of PTO to check the mark existed or not based on the USPTOà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s database. This is the link: https://tmsearch.uspto.gov . As a result, we can use them for the company. Are there any food laws must you comply with regarding the manufacture of ice cream in the US? What are they? ( summarize in two- three paragraphs please ) According to the Code of Federal Regulation Title 21, Volume 2 (CFR), ice cream is defined as a particular dairy products which have a certain percentage of milkfat and nonfat milk solid with a required minimum weight a gallon. The codified standards for the ice cream industry involves ingredient composition, optional ingredients, nomenclature and labeling. For ingredient composition, ice cream must contain certain minimum percent of milkfat and nonfat milk solids in the finished food (at least 10 percent milkfat, and not less than 20 percent total solids). Some certain bulky ingredientsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ weight used in making ice cream must be multiplied by 2.5 or 1.4 depending on whether they are fruit, nuts, chocolate or cocoa solids. Milk as mentioned must be cowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s milk. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“total solidsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  mentioned are a variety of different components, such as protein, sugar, fat and other ingredients. A certain amount of optional dairy ingredi ents, caseinates and hydrolyzed milk protein must be generally recognized as safe with the maximum amount of included whey and the specific allowable levels of acidity by FDA. Additionally, the fat content will be determined by using the method designated under à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fat, Roese-Gottlieb Method à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Offical Final Action.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The name of the food must be ice cream if the content of the egg yolk solids does not exceed the specific amount for ice cream. The name of the ice cream on the container is also distinguished by natural flavorings, artificial flavoring or the combination of natural and artificial flavorings. According to FDA, Congress passed the statute called the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) which required food manufacturers and processors to disclose the nutrition information on food labels, including the amount of saturated fat, calories, saturated fat, cholesterol, and other substances contained in the food. So the manufac ture of ice cream is not an exception. Each of the ingredients must be disclosed on the label as required by the applicable sections of parts 101 and 130. However, the manufacturers of ice cream do not need to declare the artificial color except as required. Company Description The Laughing Cow Creamery Being fall in love with tasty creamy flavors, two best-friends Thuy and Roberto shared a dream to create a new ice cream store named Laughing Cow Creamery. After their graduation, the first Laughing Cow Creamery store was found as the Limited Liability Company on December 2013 in Georgia. Our store desire to bring over 50 tasty cool flavors with the highest quality throughout the year by operating the fully automatic systems. No matter who one is or where one lives, Laughing Cow Creamery will try to provide you the finest ingredients in the ice cream industry. Laughing Cow Creamery target all individual costumers of mostly all ages. College students and kids are very welcome to our store to get up to 50 percent discounts. With over 50 tasty cool flavors, Laughing Cow Creamery are able to provide our consumers year-round flavors, seasonal flavors, sherbet flavors, no sugar added or low fat flavors throughout the year. If the business grows as expec ted in a long term, we are planning to expand over 500 stores in the United States. Our friendly personnel will be pleasant to serve customers seven days per week from 7:00 AM to 9:00 PM. Works Cited 21 CFR 135.110 Ice Cream and Frozen Custard. LII / Legal Information Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/21/135.110gt;. CFR Code of Federal Regulations Title 21.CFR Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=135.110gt;. Cheeseman, Henry R. Chapter 8: Intellectual Property and Cyber Piracy.The Legal Environment of Business and Online Commerce: Business Ethics, E-commerce, Regulatory, and International Issues. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2013. 167-74. Print. Limited Liability Company (LLC) | The U.S. Small Business Administration | SBA.gov.Limited Liability Company (LLC) | The U.S. Small Business A dministration | SBA.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.sba.gov/content/limited-liability-company-llcgt;. LLC Basics. Limited Liability Company Business Structure | Nolo.com.Nolo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. lt;https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/llc-basics-30163.htmlgt;. Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS).Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS). N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2014. lt;https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/gt;.

Friday, May 15, 2020

Internationalization Of Asian Multinational Enterprises - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 17 Words: 5014 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Background Internationalization can be defined as the desire to be a member of the international society by satisfying a certain standard, or strengthening the influence of a nation on other nations. It becomes the process where multinational enterprise (MNE) engaging, it is very important for these companies to penetrate international market if they want to be accepted and remain successful. (Sreenivasan Jayashree and Sahal Ali Al-Marwai). The internationalization process helps MNEs in maturate their operation in foreign market and enhance their competitive position abroad. According to Hedman (1993), three main alternatives for distributing the enterpriseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product exist, that is, indirect export, direct export and alternatives to export. When distributing indirectly, the different distribution activities are assigned to one or several intermediaries in the home market. When distributing directly, the producer itself conducts the distribution activities, such as distribution to a foreign importer, which in his turn forward the products to another intermediary or the end customer. (Molnar, 1990) the third alternative, alternatives to export, can take place through, for instance, own production in the target country, or licensing (Hedman, 1993). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internationalization Of Asian Multinational Enterprises" essay for you Create order The rapid changes in todays business world call for new models of internationalization (Fillis, 2001; Meyer and Gelbuda, 2006), especially to be able to capture the early phase of internationalization in a better manner than the traditional models (Johanson and Vahlne, 2003). In contemporary research, Coviello and McAuley (1999), in line with Leonidou and Katsikeas (1996), have pointed at three theory directions that are preferable for studying internationalization, namely Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)-theories (a.k.a., the theory of the Multinational Firm), Stage models and Network theory. Even though these are different theory directions, they are seen to be complementary views where a combination of views is preferred since it is difficult to capture the internationalization concept using only one theoretical framework (Bell et al., 2003; BjÃÆ' ¶rkman and Forsgren, 2000; Coviello and Munro, 1997; Meyer and Skak, 2002). Network theory is increasingly being combined with stage theory in order to understand and explain the rapid internationalization of the firm (in Bell et al., 2003; Johanson and Vahlne, 1990, 2003; Meyer and Skak, 2002). The process of internationalization has been the subject of widespread theoretical and empirical research (for example, Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul 1975; Johanson and Vahlne 1977; Bilkey 1978; Cavusgil 1980; Turnbull 1987; Welch and Loustarinen 1988) and finds a general acceptance in the literature (Bradley 1991; Buckley and Ghauri 1993; Leonidou and Katsikeas 1996). The internationalization process is described as a gradual development taking place in distinct stages (Melin 1992). Internationalization processes in emerging markets, as in international markets in general, take place in a stepwise manner (Jansson, 2007). Companies commit themselves through a gradual learning process. Learning is incremental and takes place by doing. Firms learn about doing business abroad, for example, learning about the conditions in particular markets. Companies tend first to establish themselves in geographically and culturally proximate markets and increase their commitment, starting with agents, and passing through sales companies to manufacturing companies (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977; Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Within the last decades, the business world has changed drastically through globalization and internationalization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"creating a new and fierce business environment for companies. We can now see a third wave of internationalization of firms in which companies domiciled in mature Western markets establish themselves on a large scale in emerging markets such as Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), Russia, China and India (Jansson, 2007). A recent phenomena of firm from Asian capital exporting countries were internationalizing and multinationalizing their business activities and have emerged or are emerging as Asian multinational enterprises (World Bank, 1993). They started the internationalizing activities and investing and setting up operation in other countries since mid-1980. Research interest which focus on these Asian enterprises and their direct investment activities arise in recent years (Ting, 1985; Ulagado et al., 1994; Yeung 1994, 1997). Foreign direct investment (FDI) started on the early 1980s. According to studies done by Lall, 1983;Well, 1983; Kumar and McLeod, 1981; Khan, 1986; Monkiewicz, 1986; Aggarwal and Agmon,1990; Tolentino, 1993, FDI of Third World multinational enterprises (TWMNEs), slightly different with the traditional MNEs from the western developed countries in term of their characteristic. The growth of East Asia (World Bank, 1993) in late 1980 and early 1990, has increased intra-regional direct investment. The directed investment process from Japan , followed by Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore and the activities transferring from one level of economies to another in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand has been depicted as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wild flying geese patternà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (Toh and Low,1994; Guisinger, 1991). As a result, these Asian capital exporting countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ firm internationalizing and multinationalizing their business activities and have emerged or are emerging as Asian multinational enterprises (World Bank, 1993). Problem Statement During these extremely competitive times, the international business environment is one that is normally full of immense uncertainty, volatility as well as a high rate of failure when it comes to international expansion The research on the nature, organization and operations of these emerging Asian international and multinational enterprises are limited. This is because research in international business and trade has been dependent largely upon economistic and western-centric theories developed predominantly in industrial and institutional economics (Buckley and Casson, 1985; Dunning, 1988, 1993). A study shown internationalization is the crucial factor for a firm to grow and develop economically and technologically (Syed Zamberi Ahmad and Fariza Hashim, 2007). Hence, it is very important for multinational companies to conduct a comprehensive examination of the various important factors that could influence the type of strategy that is to be selected for international market entry. 1.3 Objectives This research is dedicated to all local Malaysian companies who are looking at ways and means to internationalize their operations to a foreign market and would be of tremendous assistance to them in determining the correct strategic path and improve the understanding of the Asian MNEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ characteristic. 1.4 Research Question According to the problem statement above, the author has formulated some question to meet the research objective. The question are : What are the key characteristics and success of their foreign ventures? What are the motives for internationalization? What are the entry strategies? What are the strategic advantages and traits? Research Contribution Government: Through this study, government can carry out some government policy to lead more firm success in their international proses in expanding their business. Firms: This study provides information to provide better understand characteristic and strategy for the purpose of internationalization which can increase the net profit of the firm. Economic: This study enable economist to better understand how development of economic on a country can help MNEs in their internationalization process. 1.6 Summary This study proposal consists 3 chapters. Chapter 1 provides the overview of the recent phenomena of internationalization, the problem statement, objectives, and question. Chapter 2 displays literature review by past research, followed by concept and theories, and research framework. Chapter 3 describes the research methodology, sampling technique, data collection, data analysis and research planning that use to analysis the finding in Chapter 4. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter reviews the past studies about the concept and theory which included internationalization process, entry notes and process, eclectic explanation, foreign direct investment, regional and global internationalization processes, Uppsala model and Asian context. After that it follows by the research framework. 2.2 Concept and Theory 2.2.1 Internationalization processes Internationalization processes in emerging markets, as in international markets in general, take place in a stepwise manner (Jansson, 2007). Companies commit themselves through a gradual learning process. Learning is incremental and takes place by doing. Firms learn about doing business abroad, for example, learning about the conditions in particular markets. Companies tend first to establish themselves in geographically and culturally proximate markets and increase their commitment, starting with agents, and passing through sales companies to manufacturing companies (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977; Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Research on the exports of mainly North American companies has reached similar results (Bilkey, 1978; Cavusgil, 1980; Czinkota, 1982; Reid, 1981). Such process theories are highly useful especially when studying international 66 H. Jansson, S. Sandberg / Journal of International Management 14 (2008) 65à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"77 business in CEE. Learning processe s are essential since the company needs to adapt to an emerging and different business context, such as exists in the CEE (Meyer and Gelbuda, 2006). As noted by Sharma and Blomstermo (2003b) a basic assumption in internationalization process theory is that knowledge accumulation is continuous and dependent upon the duration of foreign operations. The longer firms have been involved in foreign operations, the more knowledge they accumulate about such operations. There is a relationship between knowledge accumulation and risk so that the more knowledge a firm has, the less uncertain they perceive the foreign market to be. Firms that lack knowledge about foreign markets even tend to overestimate risks. This corresponds to what Jansson (1989) found concerning establishment processes in a regional perspective, namely that the pace of investments in Southeast Asian countries accelerated, the more experienced the firms became in an area. Johanson and Vahlne (1990) stated that Uppsala model of internationalization indicated firms reveal an evolutionary process in internationalizing through a series of evolutionary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"stageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. 2.2.2 Entry nodes and entry processes Firms entering emerging markets face several barriers according to Meyer (2001). These barriers include a lack of information, unclear regulations and corruption. According to traditional research on internationalization processes, market entries either take place through intermediaries such as agents or distributors or through a firms own representative in the exporting/importing country, mainly a subsidiary. In terms of research in this area, scholars have found that relationships are at the core of the internationalization process (Axelsson and Johanson, 1992; Ford, 2002; HÃÆ' ¥kansson, 1982; HÃÆ' ¥kansson and Snehota, 1995; Hammarkvist et al., 1982; Jansson, 1994, 2007; Johanson and Vahlne, 2003; MajkgÃÆ' ¥rd and Sharma, 1998). According to the network approach to internationalization, entries into local market networks take place through establishing relationships. The international marketing and purchasing of products and know-how through a direct exporter/importer network means that a vertical network in the exporting region (e.g. a suppliers supplier network) is indirectly connected to another vertical network in the importing region (e.g. a buyers buyer network). This large vertical network will, in turn, be embedded in other regional and national networks, such as a financial network (Jansson, 2006, 2007). From a network perspective, establishment points in foreign market networks are defined as entry nodes. There are various routes into these networks, or nodes by which a firm can enter a network. Entries through trade either take place H. Jansson, S. Sandberg / Journal of International Management 14 (2008) 65à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"77 67 directly with customers or indirectly through intermediaries. Direct relationships, dyads, can be established between buyer and seller in the respective countries. Indirect relationships, triads, involve an outside party or other type of entry node, usually an intermediary such as an agent, dealer or distributor. Dyads can also be established through the entry mode FDI (a subsidiary in the importing country). Entry processes take place by building relationships to form networks in foreign markets. Irrespective of entry node, the development of international buyer/seller relationships tends to follow a five stage pattern (Ford, 1980, 2002; Ford et al., 1998). Each stage of the entry process can be described by a number of relationship factors, such as how the experience, commitment and adaptations of the parties increase across the stages and how the distance and uncertainty between them are reduced across the stages. The first stage includes the taking-up of marketing/purchasing activities before a formal relationship begins. The next three stages show how direct buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"seller relationships within networks are established: from their beginning and to their deepening. Experience indicates the amount of experience the respective parties have with each other. They will gauge their partners commitment to the relationship, e.g. by the willingness to make adaptations. Distance is multifaceted and it can be split into social, cultural, technological, time and geographic distance. Uncertainty deals with the fact that at the initial stages, it is difficult to assess the potential rewards and costs of the relationship. In the fifth and final stage, the relationship is extensively institutionalized and habitual, with commitment being taken for granted. Based on Terpstra and Sarathy, 1991; and Baek, 2003, joint ventures with host governments and local partners in the host country were among the preferred entry strategies for international operational operation. Petronas in South Africa entered into a commercial alliance with Engen in 1996 as a strategic partner. The acquisition was to enable both companies to implement a shared growth strategy in Africa and the Indian Ocean Rim, while allowing the development of potential operational synergies between the two business entities (Padayachee and Valodia, 2002). 2.2.3 Eclectic Explanation Eclectic Paradigm is a proverbial known explanation of international production. Dunningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1977, 1988, 1993, 1995). Eclectic Paradigm stated that the extent and pattern of international production is determined by: 1) Ownership advantages (for example, proprietary technology, products, expertise and skill) 2) Internalization advantages (for example, transaction costs reduction, maximize economic return), and 3) Location advantages of host and home countries These OLI (Ownership Location Internalization) variables listed above explain the reason internationalization occurs but overlook the dynamic process of internationalization. The Eclectic paradigm is provided by the Investment Development Path (Dunning, 1981, 1986) with a dynamic dimension, and relates the net outward investment of a country to its stage of economic development. Five stages of IDP ( Investment Development Path) Stage 1: At low level of economic development, there is little inward or outward investments. Stage 2: Inward investment becomes attractive, especially in import substitution projects as the country develops. Some outward investment may take place in neighborly countries which at lower stages of development. Most developing countries with some outward investments are at this stage. Stage 3: With economic development move forward, net inward investment declines while outward investment increases (relative to inward investment). Increasing of outward investment may take place in countries at lower IDP stages in order to overcome cost disadvantages in labour intensive industries and also to seek markets or strategic assets. Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea are said to be at this stage. Stage 4: As production being multinationalized, net outward investment becomes positive. Most developed countries are at this stage. Stage 5: The shift from advantages based more on factor endownment to those based on internalizing international market convergent outward and inward investment flows. Empirical research on Third World (including Asian) multinationals has given general support to the IDP concept (Dunning, 1986; Tolentino, 1993; Dunning Narula, 1996; Lall, 1996). Dunning and Narula (1996) acknowledge that country factors may influence the IDP pattern of a country, such as resource endownment, home market size, industrialization strategy, government policy, and the organization of economic activities. TWMNEs were smaller than their counterparts from developed countries and have limited number of overseas operations. The competitive advantages of TWMNEs were based on cost advantages (particularly labour cost) and greater responsiveness to host country needs which is different from western MNEs. They served market niches which were not covered by the traditional MNEs and so were not in direct competition with them. The major motivation for these FDI was protecting export markets rather than exploiting rent from proprietary technological know-how (or other ownership spe cific advantages characteristic of western MNEs) explained in theories, such as the eclectic paradigm of Dunning (1977, 1995). TWMNEs possessed first or second generation labour-intensive technologies and produced standardized products mainly for the domestic host country market which at stage 4 of IDP. Wells (1983) presupposes a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pecking orderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? hypothesis to suggest that the TWMNEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ technologies could fill the technological gap between the advanced technology of developed country MNEs and the rudimentary technology of less developed countries (LDCs) in a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pecking downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? order. Lall (1983) emphasized the flexibility and adaptability of TWMNEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ technologies to be more suitable or appropriate to LDC situations. 2.2.4 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) It may seem surprising that there is significant number of foreign direct investments by some firms from developing countries because it is usually credited to more developed countries. A number of studies indicate that FDI flows not only from the industrialized or well-developed countries, as well as developing countries. Scholars such as Lecraw (1981, 1993), Wells (1977, 1981), Lall (1983a, and 1983b), Kumar and Lim (1984), Ulgado et. al., (1994) are only some of those who have carried out empirical studies and researched FDI flows from developing country firms in the 1970s and 1980s. Comparisons between the nature of international expansion of firms from developing countries and the nature of those corporations that originated from developed countries are made in most of these studies (Dunning, 1986; Vernon-Wortzel and Wortzel, 1988). In general, it has been depicted that the competitive advantages of MNCs from developed country are derived from advanced proprietary technology or other superior resources (Yeung, 1994). While ability to reduce costs of imported technology through de-scaled manufacturing or smaller scale of production is focus of the competitive advantage from developing country MNCs were derived from their This is a process whereby technologies from industrialised countries are adapted to suit smaller markets by reducing scale, replacing machinery with manual labour, and relying on local inputs (Ramamurti, 2004). Outward direct investment from developing countries started to grow rapidly to a sizeable magnitude during the mid-1980. This became the main tool of developing country multinationals in demanding that their constituent firms prepare for the drastically international competition that they were about to face(Kumar, 1996, 1997). The emergence of new technologies in the late 1980s somehow decreases the interest in outward direct investment from developing countries subsided (Kumar, 1996; Oh et. al., 1998; Pananond and Zeithaml, 1998; van Hoesel, 1999). Pananond and Zeithaml(1998) and van Hoesel(1999) recounted that aggregate analyses of developing country MNEs conducted at the industry level get attention from scholars and yielded interesting results by the early 1990s. They concluded that there were marked differences in characteristics between developing country MNEs in the 1980s and 1990s. Scholars posited that these two groups of MNEs belonged to two different waves of development i n term of their respective historical backgrounds, nature of businesses, extent of the role of government in operations and transactions, geographical direction, and mode of internationalisation activity. MNEs in the 1980s are more concerned with cost competitiveness with their competitors (van Hoesel, 1999). In contrast, developing country MNEs in the 1990s placed greater emphasis on the development and reset business strategies due to the dynamic changing patterns of world business structure brought about by trade liberalisation and economic globalisation (Dunning et al., 1997). Besides this, they put more effort on technological competence as the source of competitive advantage (Pananond and Zeithmal, 1998). They noted that notwithstanding these differences, there existed several significant interrelated points of convergence between the two groups (Dunning et al., 1997; van Hoesel, 1999). 2.1.5 Regional and global internationalization processes In analyzing the early internationalization steps of smaller and less experienced companies, the internationalization process model by Johanson and Vahlne (1977) is regarded as a highly useful tool. In internationalization research, few studies have been conducted on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“higher levelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? internationalization where companies are established in several countries and have fully-owned businesses (Meyer and Gelbuda, 2006). The more countries in a region a firm exports to, the more extensive is the regional internationalization process. The more regions a firm exports to, the more global is the internationalization process. New stages of internationalization are established when a firm extends its business from one major type of market to another or from one type of foreign environment to another. The main factor behind these stages is experiential knowledge, meaning that firms gradually build a knowledge base through operating in foreign markets. They learn from past experience by transforming this experience to useful knowledge. There are three types of such knowledge (Eriksson et al., 1997). Internationalization knowledge about how to perform international operations is an expression of a firms current stock of knowledge in the form of its resources and capabilities. The more novel the foreign environment, the more difficult it is for the firm to apply its current stock of knowledge to that foreign market. This means that there is a gap between a firms present internationalization knowledge and the knowledge the company has about how to do business in the specific foreign market, i.e. concerning its network experiential knowledge and institutional knowledge (Blomstermo et al., 2004). Based on a firms experiential knowledge process, internationalization processes are often divided into different degrees of internationalization. Johanson and Mattsson (1991) discuss the internationalization process for firms with various degrees of internationalization and propose that the process is mainly valid during the early stages of a firms internationalization: inexperienced firms tend to follow a traditionally slow and gradual pattern, while the internationalization of a more experienced company is less slow and gradual. 2.2.6 Uppsala model The Uppsala model (Johanson Weidersheim-Paul, 1975; Johanson Vahlne, 1977) provides an explanation of the dynamic process of internationalization of individual firms. The Uppsala model emphasize on the importance of gaining knowledge and experience about the characteristics of foreign markets along the internationalisation path, and helps MNEs reduced risks and levels of uncertainty in unfamiliar foreign environments before investing (Wiedersheim-Paul et al., 1978). The successive steps of increasing highly commitment are based on knowledge acquisition. Foreign activities started with export to foreign country through independent representative or agent, after that establish sales subsidiary and finally start production in the host country. The internationalization of the firm across many foreign markets was particularly related to psychic distance which included differences in language, education, business practices, culture and industrial development. Firstly, enter foreign market which closer in term of psychic distance, followed by subsequent entries in markets with greater psychic distances. Same goes to entry mode of foreign market. The incremental expansion of market commitment meant that the initial entry was typically some form of low commitment mode and followed by progressively higher levels of commitment. Obviously, commitment of the level of ownership in different markets was correlated with their psychic distance. The Uppsala model had received general support in empirical research (Welch and Loustarinen, 1988; Davidson, 1980, 1983; Erramilli et al., 1999) and its largely intuitive nature and evolutionary learning perspective made it attractive as an explanatory model. A related view regards learning was that TWMNEs built up their advantages through the accumulation of technology and skills. Lall (1983) emphasized on the localization and adaptation of technology to suit local markets by TWMNEs. Tolentino (1993) focused in term of the accumulation of technological competence in the expansion of firms from developing countries which was consistent with the resource-based view of building competitive advantage in strategic management. The accumulation of knowledge and competence especially its knowledge of developing markets and not so much its technology by the CP Group in Thailand was the key to its internationalization. There are also differences between the CP Group and Western MNEs (Pananond and Zeithaml, 1998). Mathews (2002, 2006) postulated that emerging firms could foster internationalization via leverage of their contractual linkages with other foreign firms to acquire resources and learning new capabilities. He indicated that this explanati on complemented the OLI framework and could be used to explain the rise of such latecomer firms which he dubbed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Dragon multinationalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. 2.2.7 Asian Context Yeung (1999); Zutshi Gibbons (1989) portrayed that western theories on internationalization have neglect the active role played by the state and overlooked the institutional or contextual perspective in the internationalization of Asian. Asians state always plays a direct and active role in the internationalization of its MNEs. For example, the Singapore government played a key and direct role in the promotion of outward FDI (e.g., growth triangles, industrial parks in foreign countries), particularly from the early 1990s in its regionalization programs (Pang, 1994; Tan, 1995; ESCAP/UNCTAD, 1997). Incentives and other programs for instance tax incentives, finance schemes, training also provided to foster the rapid development of local entrepreneurship in the regionalization efforts. In Malaysia, the government took a very active role in promoting the internationalization of Malaysian firms. Investment promotion missions abroad were organized and often lead by the Prime Minister. The government provided incentives including tax abatement in 1991 and subsequently full tax exemption in 1995 for income earned overseas and remitted back to Malaysia. An overseas investment guarantee program was instituted. Malaysian government à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“instructedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? firms to defer non-essential overseas investment in order to reduce the impact of the effects of the 1997 Asian financial crisis. In the Asian context, the state has played a very active and direct role in promoting the internationalization of its national firms. This is much different with the western context, where the role of the state is benign and indirect. 2.3 Summary This chapter first discussed the internationalization process in terms of entry notes and process, eclectic explanation, foreign direct investment, regional and global internationalization processes, Uppsala model and Asian context. The following chapter discusses the research method, survey development, and sample selection CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction This chapter provides an overview of the research method. It starts by explaining the appropriateness of the research method. Then discusses the research design which consists of seven steps: questionnaire development, literature review, proposal, data collection, data analysis, discussion and conclusion, and write-up. Next the data collection and sample selection is discussed with reasons for each of the decisions involved. The next section discusses the statistical methods. Lastly, a Gantt chart will be use to estimate the times use in each activity. 3.2 Sampling Technique A case study approach will be using in this paper. It tends to provide in depth information and intimate details about the particular case being studied. This approach was used to collect comprehensive and holistic data (Eisenhardt, 1989; Internationalization Strategies of Emerging Asian MNEs 491 Yin, 1994) about firms that have internationalized their operations over time. The focus here is on MNEs from Malaysia (a fast developing country). Case studies mean that the research investigates few objects in many respects (Wiedersheim-Paul, Eriksson, 1991). Case studies are most suitable if you like to get a detailed understanding about different kinds of process (Lekvall Wahlbin, 1987). The researches may, for instance, choose a line of business and an enterprise, and conduct an in depth investigation (Wiedersheim-Paul, Eriksson, 1991). Yin (1994) states, that when the form of the questions is why and how, the case study strategy is most likely to be appropriate. The research problem I have investigated was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“how the internationalisation process of a MNEs when entering to foreign market can be characterisedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? , which was divided into four research questions. 3.3 Data Collection 3.3.1 Secondary data Eriksson Wiedersheim-Paul (1997) points out that secondary data is data, which already has been collected by someone else, for another purpose. Statistics, and reports issued by governments , trade associations, and so on, are some sources of secondary data (Chisnall, 1997). The annual report and the enterpriseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s homepage, are another sources of secondary data (Wiedersheim-Paul, Eriksson, 1991). Secondary data research should always be carried out before doing any field survey (Chisnall, 1991). When I had defined the research area, I started to search for relevant literature. The databases that I have used to find relevant literature are EBSCOhost, Science Direct, Libris, ABI/INFORM, and Helecon. The keywords used when searching the databases were à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“international businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ Malaysian MNEsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“internationalizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mode of entryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. These words were combined in different ways, to maximise the number of hits. 3.3.2 Primary data Primary data is collected directly by the researcher for a specific purpose (Chisnall, 1991; Eriksson Wiedersheim-Paul, 1997). Two main techniques for gathering primary data exist, that is, inquires or interviews. Either one, or combination of both, can be used. (Eriksson Wiedersheim-Paul, 1997) I will use personal interview with the CEOs or top executives responsible for the international operations of the firm at the home country in Malaysia. Oversea subsidiaries were not interviewed as the paper focus on the internationalization and strategies of the parent firms, Malaysia. Interview being use to facilitate the gathering the primary data, as I estimate the interview would take more than one hours to conduct, and according to Zikmund (1994), by using personal interviews you are allowed to conduct longer interviews, compared to telephone interview. I will recoding use sound recoder during the interview session. This can help to increase the accuracy of data. Case study interviews are based on open-ended question, in which you can ask the respondent for the facts of a matter, as well as the respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ opinions about the event (Yin, 1994). Closed-ended question, on the other hand, call responses that are strictly limited, since the respondent is offerd a choice of alternative replies, from which he or she is expected to select an answer cooresponding to his or her personal view on particular subject (Chisnall, 1997). Most of the questions I will use is open-ended, but some where closed-ended. The closed-ended questions were followed up with an open-ended question in order to give a deeper understanding of the enterpriseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion about the subject. An on- line questionnaire will be use as well. The respondents must hold the title of Supervisor, Assistant Controller, Controller, Chief Accountant, Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer, Consultant, Manager, General Manager,Director, Executive, Vice President, President, Principal, or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) . The mode of data collection was online questionnaire survey because of several advantages. First, online questionnaire can reach a geographically dispersed sample simultaneously and at a relatively low cost because interviewers are not required. (Zikmund, 2003, p. 212)Second, online questionnaire survey can be filled out whenever the respondent has time and allow respondents time to collect fact that they may not be able to recall without checking. (Zikmund, p. 213). 3.4 Date Analysis The ultimate goal with the data analysis is to treat the evidence fairly, to produce trustworthy analytic conclusion, and to rule out alternative interpretations. One common strategy is to follow the theoretical propositions that led to the case study. (Yin, 1994) I proposed to used this strategy, since the theory chapter led to the problem discussion, the research question, the data presentation, the data analysis, and finally, the conclusions. Holme and Solvang (1991) have a recommendation on how to do a systematic analysis, beginning with a within-case analysis and followed by a cross-case analysis. I followed this recommendation, and began with the within-case analysis, in which I compared the gathered data from each enterprise with my frame of reference. I continued with cross-case analysis, where I compare the data from case study firm with each other. This, since looking across cases deepens the understanding and can increase the possibility for generation (Miles Huberman, 19 94). I will also followed their recommendation to make up matrices in the cross-case analysis, to be able to identify patterns. 3.5 Research Planning Gantt Chart Figure 1 show the Gantt Chart of this research. The whole research will take around 10 months to complete. Time 2010 2011 Activities June July Aug Sept Oct Jan Feb Mar April May Literature review                            Questionnaire development                            Proposal                            Data collection                            Data analysis                            Discussion and conclusion                            Write-up                            Figure 1 Gantt Chart 3.6 Summary This chapter discussed the sampling technique, data collection, data analysis and research planning. The following chapter will presents the survey results.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Obesity The Country Of Fast Foods - 1788 Words

According to Food Research and Action Center obesity has increased more than doubled in children and adults since the 1970s (National Center for Health Statistics, 2009). Yet, people don’t want to admit that this is a serious issue in our society. When we think about obesity the first country that comes to everyone’s mind is of course United States, the native country of fast foods. Although United States is one of the most progressive countries in the entire world, yet it has the biggest rate in obesity in young people as well as in adults. So it is not a secret that American community is known and considered the most unhealthiest people in the planet. Just think about, fast food chains are always in every single corner wherever you go and water has been replaced by soda. This country lives on the life â€Å"to go† which means always in a hurry and not having time to make their own food at home. Microwavable lunch are the easier way during a busy day for most people and in the end of the day eating fast food all day is more affordable. However, if people will be motivated by different types of commercials on the radio or television, people will learn how to eat right and find a better way to protect their own health. Burger King, Wendy’s, Popeyes, Mcdonald’s, Arby s these and many more corporations like these ones have become household names in our world. Each and every of these companies operates an unique mission which is served a filling meal for a very low cost and ofShow MoreRelatedThe Obesity Epidemic in America Essays1082 Words   |  5 Pages Obesity among Americans has been a growing issue in the United States predominantly over the past decade. Many may argue American’s are obese because of poor food choices, over-eating, genetic disposition, lack of exercise, or the environment which one lives, while others blame it all on fast-food chains and restaurants. Throughout my research I have come to find a lot of facts and statistics about fast food consumption causing obesity. Statistics show that without a doubt the United States isRead MoreRelation Between Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity1195 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Fast Food Restaurants and Obesity Introduction The combination of increasingly sedentary lifestyles, two-income families with children, busy single professionals and the proliferation of fast food restaurants in recent years has created a perfect storm of obesity in the United States as well as a number of other countries. Further exacerbating the problem is the lack of nutrition and high levels of fat content in many fast food restaurant products, making their consumption a high-risk activityRead MoreWho Can We Blame?1392 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen a victim of the so called â€Å" fast food obesity outbreak†? You re not the only one. In today s society this so called â€Å"fast food induced obesity† is a huge controversy concerning many countries today in time. The common culprits of the obesity issue is fast food, school lunch, and unhealthy food people consume at home. Who can we trust? Well many people believe that the consumer should not be responsible for their actions when it comes to consuming fast food, wh ich is seen in this piece â€Å" DonRead MoreObesity Epidemic and Lack of Government Intervention Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesIs the lack of government regulation causing an obesity epidemic? In America fast food is a staple of many people’s diets. As a result, the United States is now faced with a serious obesity epidemic that continues to grow worse every year. Along with impacting the economy, some of the impacts on people are cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and strokes which are all linked to obesity. According to the CDC, â€Å"The US Department of Health and Human Services discovered that the combination of a poor dietRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is The Constant Build Up Of Excessive Fats That Impair The Health Of A Child Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity is the constant build up of excessive fats that impair the health of a child. When children are obese, they have high cholesterol and high blood pressure that threatens their lives with CVD. It also causes extreme breathing problems, joint problems, and an increase in contracting type 2 diabetes. Nearly one in three kids in the United States is obese and that is more than triple the amoun t from the 1960’s. Childhood obesity is taking control of many kid’s lives throughout theRead MoreFast Food in America1664 Words   |  7 PagesFast Food in America People today have a need for speed. Everything has to be more convenient, and bigger. Humans are the super-sized rulers of the world, and people need it as fast as possible. This lifestyle has consequences; if one does not start taking charge, and fight these big corporations right now these mistakes will be too far reaching and irreversible. Because fast food is convenient, inexpensive, and is a cultural habit, people must stop eating it since it has increased health problemsRead MoreIs America Taking it too Far by Blaming Fast Food for High Obesity Rates?937 Words   |  4 Pagestaken making the United States the second fattest country in the world, following Mexico (NYPost, â€Å"Mexico Beats US to be World’s Fattest Country-†). So the questions stands, is America taking it too far by blaming fast food for the obesity rate? After all, It is the individuals choice where, and what to eat, but on another note, fast food restaurants have a very appealing way in getting buyers, and basically tricking society into eating processed junk food that is high in calories and fats. Even thoughRead MoreMcdonald s And Obesity : A Big Part On Why Americans Are Obese1690 Words   |  7 PagesSummary: The case study on McDonald’s and obesity discusses how McDonald’s is a big part on why Americans are obese. McDonald’s is the most famous, successful fast food restaurant not only in the United States, but worldwide. This is because McDonald’s is convenient, affordable, fast, and located literally everywhere. Many individuals blame McDonald’s for being the ultimate cause of obesity in the United States. This is because McDonald’s targets young children by creating the happy meals and addingRead MoreMan Vs. Food : Fast Food Can Contribute To Childhood Obesity1267 Words   |  6 Pages Man vs. Food: Fast Food Can Contribute to Childhood Obesity The United States of America has always been a safe and well-constructed country. Over the past years, it has tried to progress in numerous ways. However, America is suffering daily from obesity issues that can be prevented. America is becoming uncontrollable when it comes down to the consumption of too much fast food. When fast food was introduced to Americans, it had many advantages. These advantages have suddenly converted into disadvantagesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Healthy Food1036 Words   |  5 PagesHealthy food should be accessible to everyone. If healthy food isn’t available for everyone all it’s going to do is cause more and more health problems. If we made healthy organic food the same price as cheap unhealthy food there would be a big difference in the health of our country. It’s completely unfair to make healthy food too expensive for other people to buy, which causes them to buy cheap unhealthy food, like off a dollar menu at a fast food restau rant. This issue needs to be put to an end

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Hong Kong Identity free essay sample

Politic: July 1st, 2003 Protest Agenda 1. Introduction †¢ 1. 1. What is identity politic †¢ 1. 2. Political events that have affected HK Identity 2. July1st, 2003 protest 3. Conclusion 1. 1. What is Identity Politic †¢ Identity politics: Identity as a politic †¢ Development of identity politic †¢ Past v. s Present Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 1. 2. Political events that affected HK Identity Tiananmen Square After WWI: Refugee Identity Mistrust of Chinese Government Article 23 After 1960: Local HK Identity 1997 Handover 2013 Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 2. July1st, 2003 protest †¢ Annual protest led by Civil Human Rights Front †¢ Article 23 †¢ The Hong Kong SAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central Peoples Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the Region, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the Region from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Concerns Pros †¢ British government also had repressive acts †¢ e. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Kong Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g Society Ordinance and the Public Order Ordinance Cons †¢ Police is allowed to enter houses and arrest people without warrant/evidence †¢ No freedom of speech †¢ Violation of Article 23 can result in a life term in a prison †¢ Any organization can be banned by PRC Conclusion Introduction July 1st Protest HK people identity Identity of general HK people †¢ Pragmatism †¢ Individualism †¢ Narrowing gap between HK people/ mainlanders: ambitious, adaptable, practical and clever †¢ Widening gap between HK people/ mainlanders : valuing free speech, press freedom, privacy and equality Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion HK people identity Parties that affect HK people identity HK people identity British colonial period rule of law, democracy, freedom of speech Chinese Government formal education, flag-raising ceremonies visits to the mainland Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Identity illustrated by July 1st, 2003 †¢ Widening gap †¢ Antagonism vs. Pragmatic Nationalism and Liberalized Nationalism †¢ Cosmopolitan identity: HK’s dream, opportunities in society, has affected to local’s commitment to democracy Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion 3. Conclusion †¢ Evident that Article 23 politic widened the gap of â€Å"issue in rights of HK people† ex. Free speech, press freedom, valuing privacy, valuing equality †¢ But still the trend is that people feel less gap with mainlanders †¢ ainland’s characteristic change †¢ HK people affected by mainland government’s media, education, and ceremonies. †¢ No identity is perfectly coherent; there is inconsistencies Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion Questions to discuss †¢ What are the evolving features of the local political identity, culture and participation †¢ What is the essence of the confli cts between the local and national identities of HK people? †¢ What are the reasons for the rise of new activism, and what is its impact? Introduction July 1st Protest Conclusion

Monday, April 13, 2020

Religion in Society

The questions of the people’s social interactions are discussed within the context of sociology, and the persons’ religious beliefs and attitudes are the subject matter of the religious studies. Nevertheless, sociologists accentuate the fact that religion can develop only as the social phenomenon that is why it is important to study religions and the people’s religious views within the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although religious beliefs and practices are followed by an individual, the religion as the phenomenon has its origins within the definite religious group as the reflection of society. Sociology of religion as the sphere of knowledge combines the approaches utilized in sociology and religious studies in order to examine religious views, people’s beliefs, rituals, and practices which can affect the development of the society and which are the result of the people’s social interactions. Sociology of religion studies the relationship between the persons’ religious visions and practices and the development of the social group. Johnstone states that religion is the group phenomenon that is why those people who follow the same religion also have similar goals and moral principles, and their social development is influenced by their religion (Johnstone 8). However, the process is interdependent because religion emerges as the result of the social growth and the growth of the people’s conscience and morality. Furthermore, â€Å"society precedes religion. Before religion can develop, there must first exist general patterns of social interaction – that is, a society – that can serve as a model† (Johnstone 30). To study the interdependence of society and religion, it is necessary to use the sociological methodological framework and tools in order to analyze t he factual data. Thus, sociology of religion uses the scientific method (Johnstone 6). From this point, sociology of religion is the sphere of knowledge which studies such religious phenomenon as the people’s beliefs and attitudes to the sacred with the help of the sociological tools (Putnam and Campbell). It is important to study sociology of religion because people discuss religion as the significant sphere of their life, and many social processes often have the religious background because they are associated with the people’s beliefs, their attitudes to the sacred and magic, and their moral presumptions. Furthermore, the focus on the diversity of religions provides sociologists with the additional information about the society because all the social groups are different, and those beliefs which are shared by religious groups are also different.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Johnstone, some form of religion exists in any social group, and the rejection of the definite religious beliefs is also the characteristic feature to analyze the peculiarities of this or that community (Johnstone 18-19). The study of religions in their diversity is the key to study the diversity of society. That is why, the subject of sociology of religion is important for studying the world from the sociological perspective and with references to the people’s religious visions. Sociologists are inclined to study the sources and nature of religion using different theories to explain the development of religious beliefs within the society. The rational choice theory is the most controversial theory which is proposed to explain the process of choosing the definite religion to follow. The supporters of the rational choice theory state that persons can choose any religion with references to their personal experience or as the result of analyzing the advantages proposed by this or that religious organization. The problem is in the fact that the rational approach to choose the religion to follow is often discussed as inappropriate because the theory is developed to explain the economic processes, and it cannot be used to discuss the people’s moral or spiritual development and the choice of religion. However, Johnstone provides rather convincing arguments to support the relevance of this theory to consider the persons’ religious choices. According to Johnstone, â€Å"people have a set of mental images stored in their brains with which they make decisions as rationally and sensibly as they know how† (Johnstone 36). The decision about any religion can be also made referring to these images. It is important to note that the rational choice theory is ineffective to explain the origin of religions, but it can be successfully used to accentuate the nature of sharing the definite religious views and beliefs by people who belong to the same group. Johnstone stresses that the rational choice theory â€Å"picks up at the point where religious ideas and systems already exist in some form and people turn to those ideas and systems for answers, consolation, protection, promises, and solutions† (Johnstone 37). Thus, according to the theory, people are inclined to make the most beneficial and rational religious choices. Sociology of religion studies people’s religious beliefs, practices, attitudes, and religions in their variety as the part of the social development because the connection between religion and society is interdependent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In spite of the fact sociology of religion can be discussed as a comparably new sphere of knowledge, its subject matter is important to be explained with references to the sociological studies developed to analyze the relationship between the religion and society. Thus, religion is the social phenomenon, and it can be studied properly in its connection with social groups which follow definite religious visions. Works Cited Johnstone, Ronald. Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion. USA: Pearson, Prentice-Hall, 2007. Print. Putnam, Robert, and David Campbell. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. USA: Simon Schuster, 2010. Print. This essay on Religion in Society was written and submitted by user JackP0wer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Religion in Society Introduction Religion is believed to be a systematized compilation of beliefs, traditions, and world analysis that link humanity to religion and to ethical principles at times. A number of people have the belief that religion can only take place in churches, temples, or any other place that spiritual get-together takes place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the real sense, religion is intrinsic within several characteristics of the society, and that religious way of life unavoidably affects several areas, for instance, political, economical, and ethics in culture. This paper will be addressing the fundamentalism of religion, its influence on politics, its determination in social class, and differentiation of religious expression in gender. The Influence of Religion on Politics A society can stay free with the correct political arrangement. However, this will not be enough. Its efficiency crucially relies on the broader perspectives of culture and communal contexts. Religion matters in politics, as it is a powerful tool when it comes to shaping of culture in terms of good and evil. Conservatives frequently uphold that a powerfully religious society stands more appropriate when it comes to being loyal to freedom ideals. As claimed by Johnstone, religion provides two ideal advantages. It stands out as a foundation that is firm for moral disposition and personal dependability thus instilling honesty, self-discipline, and self-reliance to citizens. Secondly, the citizens are so less probable to be lured to enhance themselves at the outlay of their fellow citizens through government intimidation (Johnstone 92). In addition, religion provides morals as the only option to the nations’ authority consequently acting as a rein on governmental enhancement. Conservatives recurrently conclude that the governmental administration of a liberate d society should engage in active procedures that will help in the promoting and strengthening of religion. This conclusion is however disagreed by many even if the premise is acceptable. Religious Fundamentalism The word fundamentalism is applicable to several religious groups, for instance, Christians, Hindus, and Buddhists to mention a few. The term is also applicable to some of the secular groups both economical and environmental though all of them are different. According to Putnam and Campbell, fundamentalism patents itself as an effort by overwhelmed believers to discover their asylum in supporting themselves with an individuality that is entrenched as a past golden era whose individuality is preceded by an effort to reinstate that golden history (245). Fundamentalism in every religion symbolizes a thrust back against several forms of exterior burden and a reflective panic of destruction habitually at the hands of the current secularists.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The disjointing of religious beliefs and political affairs may be regarded as natural to the societies in the West except it is never the set of circumstances in scores of other cultures. The connection between religious beliefs and political affairs in the western societies has been an aggressive one in the past. It took centuries to solve. For this basis, Putnam and Campbell wrote that secularism has frequently had unenthusiastic consequences if cultures lacked secularizing time (324). For instance, Gamal Abdel Nasser had the idea of separating religious beliefs and political affairs in Egypt. The idea was a violent one, as confirmed by the Muslim Brotherhood affiliates whom he located in prisons of persecution. Therefore, it is significant to recognize the consequences that can result when certain measures are practiced towards spiritual movements. Religious Expression As Deter mined By the Social Class According to Hallahmi and Argyle, American findings can be summarized that they expose a divergence in the temperament of religious participation in diverse classes in America. The middle class affiliates achieve higher scores on institutional participation measures, for instance, church membership and church attendance. Based on the reported religious experiences and traditional belief measures, lower class members score higher. They are also more probable to join and become members of a sect with a subsequent intense of psychological and social involvement (Hallahmi and Argyle 164). They add by explaining the social class differences in religious participation that the members of the lower class tend to hardly engage themselves in all types of voluntary organizations. Like any other kind of voluntary organization, membership in churches is directly related to social class (Hallahmi and Argyle 164). Another explanation is that different social classes have different styles of religious expressions. Therefore, the upper and the middle class protestant church members stress much on formal and organized participation in church activities while working class Protestant church members stress much on the spontaneous and emotional aspects of religious behavior (Hallahmi and Argyle 165). The Difference Made By Gender in Religious Expression In conclusion, it is vital to address the role played by gender when it comes to religious expression. For reasons that value separate investigation, Johnstone mentions that religious sociology has delayed several other areas of expressing seriousness in gender and or taking it acutely (114). However, there has been a debate on why women in the societies from the West are believed to be more religious in relation to men. Major dissimilarities between sex genders become visible on several spiritual characteristics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Putting in mind that women are believed to be the weaker sex, their emotions and feelings are different from those of their male counterparts. Since most of the religious practices involve emotions when put to practice, several women are carried away and or get touched with memories they get when either singing or praying. For instance, it is often seen in churches that women weep when singing worship songs, as opposed to men who regard themselves as tough at heart and in mind. Works Cited Hallahmi, Benjamin, and Michael Argyle. The Social Psychology of Religion. London: Routledge, 1975. Print. Johnstone, Ronald. Religion in society: a sociology of religion. New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006. Print. Putnam, Robert, and David Campbell. American Grace: How Religion Divides and  Unites Us. New York: Simon Schuster, 2012. Print. This essay on Religion in Society was written and submitted by user Kyla Burt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

Lead Acetate in Hair Dyes essays

Lead Acetate in Hair Dyes essays The title of my project is A Quantitative Analysis of Lead Acetate in Progressive Hair Dyes. Hair dyes are separated into 3 basic categories: permanent, semi-permanent, and temporary. Temporary dyes can be washed out instantly. As of now, permanent hair dyes are the most popular. They are sub-divided into oxidation hair dyes and progressive hair dyes. The active ingredient for progressive hair dye products is lead acetate. In the U.S, the current regulation says that lead acetate can be used as color additive for hair coloring as long as the concentration is less than 0.6%. The most noticeable difference between oxidation and progressive hair dyes is that progressive dyes are intended to give a more gradual change in hair color Hair dyes work more like paint by covering hair strands with chemical colors or by mixing with the melanin fragments without altering them. In these metallic dyes, it acts as a mordant. As the solution is rubbed on the hair, it penetrates each strand and the Pb2+ ions react with sulfur atoms in the proteins to form black lead (II) sulfide (PbS), which are dark pigments. Lead acetate acts as a carcinogen, and if large amounts or continuous amounts are inhaled, can be hazardous. It is toxic by inhalation or ingestion and the effects are cumulative. Lead damages the nervous, circulatory, reproductive, and nervous systems and this particular form of lead can penetrate the skin and damage the kidneys. Children are the most vulnerable to lead poisoning. There are no childproof caps on the bottles and if it is spilled, unintentional exposure may follow. For example, individuals who lick their fingers or eat after their hands after contamination would ingest the lead acetate. Lead is mainly a threat to young children because they can suffer brain damage and other problems after ingesting even small amounts. However, the FDA allows these dyes to be made with lead acetate because studies found it un...

Sunday, February 23, 2020

The topic must follow the requements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The topic must follow the requements - Essay Example Millions of people are carrying out abortion globally, this number has become stable in latest years, having formerly taken decades decreasing as access to proper family planning education, and other health care services improved. Abortion has a deep history and medicine men used various ways, for instance, they used sharpened tools and other conventional techniques. The occurrence, religious and literary status, and validity of abortion differ greatly around the universe. Its viability depends on certain unavoidable conditions, such as fetal defects and rapes. In America, there is major and critical social controversy over the right and the society’s legal issues of abortion. The people who oppose abortion connect it with the act of malicious homicide, while supporters of the rights of abortion lay emphasis on a woman’s right to choose about her own body. The history of induced abortion traces back to early civilizations such as ancient Egypt, China under Shennong (270 0 BC) and the Roman Empire. There is proof to imply that traditional medical practitioners terminated human pregnancies by applying various ancient techniques. Some elite scholars in medicine have shown that the Hippocratic vow forbade medicine men from carrying out abortions. ... Early Islamic religion had allowed abortion until a certain period that Muslims condemned it, and In Europe and America; physicians started using advanced techniques of abortion in the 17th century. In the 19th century, America and England outlawed abortion and various groups of Christians and physicians were largely significant in anti-abortion movements. However, in the commencement of the second half of the twentieth century, most countries made the act of abortion legal. Hall (27) stated that; â€Å"Prior to the decriminalization of abortion 75 % of the population favoured the liberalization of the existing law, 17% opposed and 8% were undecided†. Hence according to the above statistics, it is clear that the majority of people in America supported abortion unanimously and they thought carrying out abortion was right. The issue of abortion is still a social controversy in America in the 21st century although people have taken sides on that issue. For the last five decades t he two groups of determined activists in America have been expressing the own views on the issue of abortion. Those two groups recognize themselves as pro-life and pro-choice and looking at their different views, the pro-choice are proposing abortion while the pro-life group is strictly against the idea of abortion. Luker (61) stated that, â€Å" According to pro-choice groups such as Planned Parenthood, NARAL and Emily’s List, the choice to have an abortion should be made by the woman and her right to make that choice should not be infringed on by the government†. It implies that, pro-choice group propose the act of abortion and they feel that pregnant woman should be ones to choose whether to abort or

Friday, February 7, 2020

Leading in the Darkness and the Light Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leading in the Darkness and the Light - Essay Example Question Two: The trapped miners gave maps to the rescue team. Members of the team stepped up as leaders to help manage the situation in the mines. They displayed transformational leadership through various acts. Mario Gomez, who was the oldest miner, took the responsibility of ensuring that catering for everyone’s mental and spiritual health. Another miner took the role of ensuring that the physical health of the crew was intact. The miners ensured that they took care of the whole person, meaning that the trapped miners were cared for mentally, spiritually, emotionally and spiritually. The miners worked together in shifts of their groups. The miners who had leadership roles also were willing to and did their best to serve others who needed help like the trapped miners by providing both physical and physiological help. The trapped miners had chosen a person who uplifted their humor, and another was named the pastor of the group who uplifted their spiritual moods. This displayed authentic leadership in times of adversity. They showed that they had hoped for life by ensuring that they organized all their activities while trapped to ensure their survival. Question Three: The president displayed a truly transformational leadership by responding quickly to the situation. Even though there were low, the chances of survival the president went ahead and organized, how they would be rescued by having the vision and choosing people to deal with the rescue. The Mining Minister had a team that was divided into three teams with different tasks. One was to locate the miners; the other was tasked with keeping them alive, and the other ensuring that they are rescued safely. All the three leaders displayed servant leadership, as they were willing to serve others before their needs.

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Half Caste, by John Agard Essay Example for Free

Half Caste, by John Agard Essay Poetry is used by writers world wide to express them. Many of these poems are very negative and show it in the use, and misuse, of language. Other poems are more positive. Poets often use their work to express difficult situations. Half Caste is a good example of this because it portrays the writer in a negative situation that the writer expresses his opinions about. Unrelated incidents is a similar type of poem with a varying, but overall alike problem. The poem Not my business is a more literal poem. The poem is similar because it shows the poet in a difficult situation but the way the poet expresses himself is completely different. In Half Caste, by John Agard, the difficult situation is one of prejudice. The writer is expressing his dislike of the prejudice he suffers because he is of mixed race or, in his words, half caste. The word half-caste is shown to be the culprit in this poem and the entire poem ridicules the word and those who use it. The writer uses various strategies to achieve this goal. In the first paragraph the writer immediately draws the readers attention with an apology, excuse me, he says. This draws the readers attention because it is a very abrupt way of starting a poem and the reader continues to read to see what he is fact sorry for. Immediately, Agard shows that he was in fact being sarcastic. He uses the ridiculous imagery of a man standing on one leg to show the stupidity of the word half-caste. Agard continues to be ridiculous like this throughout the poem. Agard doesnt confine himself to ridiculous imagery though, he uses imagery of famous western icons to prove his point, yu mean when Picasso mix red an green is a half caste canvas. This is effective because to create a good painting an artist will probably have to mix colours, Agards point is that paintings with mixed colours are any worse so why should he be. He uses similar imagery using British weather and Tchaikovsky to prove the same point. The constant use of such imagery shows the reader the difficult situation rather than describing it, in Half Caste the writer uses it to show why e hates prejudice and by doing so tells the reader the prejudice he suffers. . Not my business also uses imagery, but the imagery is not as subtle and more literal. The poems starts with imagery of brutality beat him soft like clay. The imagery is very violent and suggests constant repetitive beating. The few words say masses; soft like clay suggests broken bones and tenderness. The imagery is very violent and portrays a very violent regime or lifestyle. This instantly shows the difficult situation in which the writer is in. Later in the poem more imagery is used. The constant repetition of savouring mouth and the personification of objects hungry hand and bewildered lawn create imagery of consumption. These constant images of consumption and brutality lets Osundare express his situation fully and more interestingly than if it had been written in prose. John Agard also uses a Jamaican dialect in Half Caste. In the entire poem he uses no punctuation, and spells everything phonetically according to the dialect. This deliberate misuse of the English language is an obvious rebellion to English standards. He writes in English but in a Jamaican dialect showing his problem of being Half Caste. This simple use of dialect says many things about his views on his stereotyping. He is rebelling against people who want him only to act English and people who are prejudiced against him. The use of dialect says that if English people discriminate against him then he will discriminate against the English language. Unrelated Incidents also uses dialect to show a difficult situation, this time the dialect is Scottish and its use is obvious. By using a Scottish dialect the writer instantly shows the difference between him scruff and the BBC accent he is opposed to. The difference in dialect shows the prejudice Leonard claims to suffer. The prejudice is not one of a different culture but one inside Britain. He is saying by using dialect that no one trusts him, or other Glaswegians because of their accent and their home. He says this in the poem as well by saying if a toktaboot thi trooth lik want to yoo scruff yi widny thingk it wuz troo.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

thier eyes were watching god :: essays research papers

â€Å"Baby Janie† Their Eyes Were Watching God is a novel about a woman named Janie who grows up and finds out what life and God have in store for her. The story is very similar to Black Women by Georgia Johnson. This novel and poem share similar themes, characters, and symbols. This similarity is seen through out these two works within their writing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These two stories both tell a basic theme of being born into a harsh world and the choices which must be made by the characters. The themes main focus is on the development of the baby and Janie and the paths they chose to follow. In â€Å"Black Woman† the child is ready to be born, but the mother isn’t willing to have the baby just yet. Her reasoning for not wanting to have the baby is the fact that the world is full of â€Å"cruelty and sin† and the â€Å"monster men† (Johnson, 4) who inhabit the earth are bad. The mother in this poem can see the world is harsh and that raising a baby in such a world would be difficult and a struggle. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s grandma wants her to get married to an older man right away. Her reasoning is because she too also has seen how harsh the world is and doesn’t want her baby Janie to be stuck alone and have to live in hardship. Janie, like the unborn child, is determ ined to go her own path and set her own life. They both seem to feel that they are ready for what life has in store for them. Janie wants to live her own life by her own decisions, and the baby wants to go on the same path and be born into the world to start its’ â€Å"path†. These similarities in theme are very apparent through the novel and relates to Black Woman’s story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Their Eyes Were Watching God and â€Å"Black Woman† have very similar characters due to their decisive and protective qualities. Janie is very happy with life as she sees it and wants to make her own decisions. Her grandma wants to protect her from a wrong choice, so she decides Janie must marry Logan. †I wants to see you married right away† (Hurston 12). Like Janie, the unborn child is ready to come into the world and live a beautiful life of happiness.

Monday, January 13, 2020

The Ideals of Fdr

FDR: The Great American President Jacob WagmanProfessor Christy ChapinHIST102Due: 25OCT12 Franklin Delano Roosevelt is easily the best president of his era. He had the single best approach to the economic problems and social problems that followed the economic problems of the time. Many people would say that he couldn’t make decisions for himself because of how he was constantly changing his ideas but in truth, his plan was to do whatever it took to work and he was going to make something work. In case it was not known, FDR was a fighter. He never gave up on the USA or stepped down even after being stricken by polio.A lot of his ideas came from his â€Å"brain trust† which was comprised of many advisors of all different back rounds and political beliefs. He was constantly keeping the American people informed with the state of the government and economy through a new invention popularly known as the radio. He would go out of his way to help the banks and would do anythin g to dig the US out of the pit that Hoover had dug and did nothing really to dig them out other than laying the foundation for FDR to bring America back from the brink of complete collapse.Using the foundation laid by Hoover many Administrations, Acts, and even some Corporations were put in place and somewhere welcomed and others weren’t, but FDR took all of the success and failures and made sure it worked out for the American people and the world when WWII came around. His foreign policy in WWII was very much respected and still is today because FDR would not let the crimes of others go unpunished. All in all everything FDR did was for the best of this country and the way he handled WWII both domestically and overseas.When FDR was elected into office he was left with quite a mess left by Herbert Hoover, but Hoover had left a very nice foundation to start FDR’s famous â€Å"New Deal. † Programs during this time focused on trying very hard to help bring the US ou t of the Great Depression by working on reform, recovery, and relief efforts. Many of the programs put together by FDR came from his â€Å"brain trust† which was FDR’s circle of advisors which ranged from democrats to republicans and even to progressives. This is why it seemed like his ideals were always changing because he was trying to here from verybody to see which would work best to pull the US out of the muck. He started with starting a bank holiday in which every bank in the US was forced to close so that government officials could come into each of the banks and decide if the banks were suited to re-open for public use. In order to guarantee the money people put into the bank for safe keeping, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was created and this gained the public’s usage of the banks again because they could not possibly lose their money because of a bank failing because the government backed up the money 100%.The Securities and Exchange Commission Act was also implemented to regulate the stock market so that another stock market crash could be avoided. Many people disagreed with these economic policies but if they were alive they could see that these two government sectors are still in use today because of how effective they have been throughout the years. FDR’s next goal was to provide jobs for all the people who were unemployed, which was about 25% of the entire population.Programs to fix this problem were such like the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which hired young adults around 18 to plants tress and help the National Parks, the Public Works Administration (PWA), which contracted with private businesses to build roads, schools, hospitals, and other government-esc buildings, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TWA), which was set up to build dams along the Tennessee River, and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), which was an administration that directly hired people and also white collar workers s uch as teachers and nurses, and they also trained unskilled workers so they could perform specific tasks.Looking back nobody could even argue with these programs because it provided thousands of jobs for the unemployed which did much more good than bad. There was some controversy over the TWA forcing people out of their houses but it was for the good of the entire Tennessee River Valley so it was more necessary than anything. ,Many programs were welcomed with open arms like the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) which tried to lower the foreclosure rate and made more long term mortgage loans that made owning a house more possible, but there were programs like the National Recovery Administration (NRA) which wanted to eliminate competition so all businesses could thrive, but it ailed very oorly because the little businesses were still eaten alive by the bigger companies, and another unpopular program was the Resettlement Administration (aka Federal Security Administration), tried t o make farming more like the USSR in which farming was more collective and controlled by the government but the program was met by much resistance both from Farmer’s and the Chamber of Commerce.But if it had not been for these failure than FDR would not have been able to come up with the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), which was the government paying farmers not to produce so that the goods on the market could be purchased at a slightly higher price to attempt to stimulate the economy. At first the Supreme Court shot down the AAA, but it was later brought back by congress in 1938 because it actually helped farmers and made them happy.During the start of WWII when it was strictly in Europe and China, the USA became extremely isolationist to the point where they even pulled out of Haiti and Nicaragua so that they were involved in as little foreign conflict as possible. The USA even refused to sell weapons to Great Britain and France because they didn’t want to risk getting pulled into another World War again. While the war kept going on the USA passed acts such as the Neutrality Acts which banned US citizens from traveling on ships from foreign nations that were in war with another country and they banned selling weapons to foreign nations.FDR pleaded with congress to allow the USA to at least attempt to assist the allies fighting in Europe because they were just that, the USA’s allies. But congress kept turning down FDRs pleas for help until he managed to convince congress to allow for the first Military draft and for the US to start building and selling arms to the Allied powers. This was when FDR decided to run for a 3rd term which he won by a landslide because people saw how he had started to help the economy grow bit by bit. In 1941, FDR got the Lend-Lease act to be approved.The Lend-Lease Act made it possible for the US to fully help the Allies by giving them arms and munitions. In order to provide these items for the All ies more jobs had to be created to produce the weapons and so thousands of jobs were created which helped the economy out that much more. The Lend-Lease Act also stopped all trade with Japan in an attempt to discourage them from continuing the atrocities they were committing over in China. This unfortunately provoked Japan into launching a preemptive strike on Pearl Harbor where over 2000 service men lost their lives and about 200 aircrafts were destroyed and 18 naval ships were lost.FDR immediately requested a declaration of war in his famous address to congress in which he quoted the attack on Pearl Harbor as â€Å"a day that will live in infamy. † FDR’s policy on isolationism and then all-out war is an extremely well thought out strategy considering the position the US was in. He wanted to help GB and France desperately but Congress wouldn’t help him at all. But he pushed and pushed till he finally succeeds and ultimately, helped the Allies push to victory an d overcome the most outstanding odds against them.Franklin Delano Roosevelt is not only one of the best Presidents the USA has ever had, but he also had some of the most ingenious ideals for how to fix the economic crisis the US has ever faced, and then later one of the worst crisis the world has ever faced in World War Two. His plans or creating jobs worked unlike those of Hoover, and even though some of his programs failed, he learned from the failures only to make the successful programs even more helpful and long lasting for the US.To top his economic policies, his policies on World War Two were even better because he found a way to stay isolationist at the beginning where he could still make jobs by avoiding the war and then joining the war when it was absolutely crucial the US did, which ultimately ended up pulling the USA out of the Great Depression even if he were not alive to see them win the war and there to see the Great Depression end due to all the good he did for the U SA. Nobody can argue that his ideals and policies were anything shy of some of the best of any president.